The indicator relates the total emissions into the atmosphere generated by production processes in the chemical and petrochemical sectors to the total quantity produced, in order to evaluate the specific emissions generated by the production of a single unit of product. In 2020, compared to 2019, the specific emissions of NOx decreased by 16%, SOx emissions increased by 58%, while specific emissions of NMVOCs and CO showed reductions of 3% and 8% respectively.

The indicator relates the total atmospheric emissions generated by the production and processing of non-ferrous metals to the total quantities produced, in order to assess the specific emissions per unit of product. Between 1990 and 2020, data analysis shows a significant reduction in specific emissions for all substances, with the exception of NMVOCs, which increased. This macrotrend is reflected in the year-over-year change: in 2020 compared to 2019, while the specific emissions of CO, NOx…

The indicator relates the total atmospheric emissions generated by the production processes of the non-metallic mineral industry sector to the total quantities produced, in order to assess the specific emissions associated with the production of one unit of product. In 2020, compared to 2019, the specific emissions of all substances considered decreased, except for NMVOCs, which showed a slight increase.

The indicator relates the main overall atmospheric emissions generated by production processes in the paper industry to the total amount of paper produced, in order to assess the specific emissions generated. Compared to the previous year, the specific emissions of all pollutants remained stable in 2020, with the exception of sulphur oxides emissions, which increased by 6.2%. Compared to 1990, however, there was a decrease of 98.8% in sulphur oxides, 99.8% in NMVOCs, and more moderate…

The indicator relates the total atmospheric emissions generated by production processes in the steel sector to the total amount of steel produced, in order to assess the specific emissions generated per unit of steel production. Between 2019 and 2020, all considered substances show a slight decrease. The magnitude of fluctuations in recent years, starting from 2012–2013, is modest.

Dopo il calo registrato tra 2019 e 2020, dovuto alla contrazione dell’attività economica per via della pandemia, nel 2021 la spesa intra-muros per Ricerca & Sviluppo delle imprese industriali torna a crescere, passando da 10,7 a 11,1 mld € (+3,3%), seppur non tornando ai livelli pre-pandemici. Quasi la totalità della spesa (98,2%) è sostenuta dalle imprese del comparto manifatturiero. Guardando alla variazione tendenziale decennale 2012-2021, la spesa complessiva è cresciuta del 32,5%. L…