2014–2020 Partnership Agreement

The indicator represents the historical series of national greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2024, by sector of origin. The analysis of the data shows, in 2024, a significant reduction in emissions compared to 1990 (-30.2%), explained by the economic recession which has slowed down consumption in recent years but also by a greater use of renewable energy, with a consequent reduction in CO emissions ₂  of the energy sector (-30.2% compared to 1990).

The indicator provides information on the sites subject to regional reclamation proceedings, based on data extracted from regional registers and databases. In 2023, 38,556 sites were registered, of which 22,191 have completed the remediation process.

For 62% of the sites, at least one surface area data (administrative or technical) is available. The sites for which the administrative surface area is known are 21,711, equal to 56% of the proceedings. Among the ongoing procedures, 59% of sites are in the notification phase, 21% are developing or have developed the conceptual model, while 20% have approved interventions.

For 97% of the sites with ongoing remediation processes, the state of contamination is known:  6,400 are potentially contaminated, 3,974 are contaminated and 5,502 are awaiting analytical investigations. Among the completed proceedings, only in 30% of cases was intervention necessary, while in the remaining 70% the proceedings were closed without interventions.

The indicator shows the amount of Waste from Economic Activities disposed of in landfills by category and by type of waste and the number of landfills. In 2023, the quantities of Waste from Economic Activities overall disposed of in landfills amount to 7.9 million tons, equal to 4.4% of the total quantity of Waste from Economic Activities managed at national level (about 179 million tons). Compared to 2022, there is a decrease of about 997 thousand tons (-11.2%), while, compared to 2021, there is a reduction of 2.3 million tons (-22.4%). The total number of operating landfills is equal to 249: 105 landfills for inert waste (42.2% of the total operating systems), 133 landfills for non -hazardous waste (53.4% ​​of the total), and 11 landfills for hazardous waste (4.4% of the total). Analyzing the three-year period 2021 - 2023, there is a progressive decrease in the total number of operational landfills ranging from 270 of 2021, to 261 in 2022 and 249 in 2023.

In 2024, the separate collection rate was 67.7% of national municipal waste generation, increasing by 1.1 percentage points compared with 2023 and remaining above the target set by legislation for 2012 (65%).
 

In 2024, the total amount of municipal waste disposed of in landfills amounted to over 4.4 million tonnes, and the number of operational landfills is equal to 102 plants. There was a reduction, compared to 2023, in the total quantity of urban waste disposed of in landfill equal to 3.7% (-170 thousand tons), and in the number of operational sites equal to 8.9% (-10 facilities). 

The indicator is based on PM concentration data ₁₀ in the atmosphere measured during 2024 in monitoring stations distributed throughout the national territory, collected and archived in ISPRA in the InfoAria database, in accordance with the provisions of Directive 2008/50/EC (and the legislative decree implementing Legislative Decree 155/2010) and Decision 2011/850/EU. The monitoring stations that measured and reported PM data ₁₀ there are 576., of which those with sufficient time coverage for the verification of the reference values ​​are 545. The annual limit value was exceeded in one station (equal to 0.2% of cases), while exceeding the daily limit value was recorded in 94 stations (equal to 17.2% of cases). Finally, both the annual WHO reference value (90.5% of cases) and the daily one (96.1% of cases) are exceeded in the majority of monitoring stations.

The indicator describes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CH₄, N₂O and CO₂) released into the atmosphere by the agricultural sector, mainly resulting from livestock management and fertilizer use. It also assesses the sector's contribution to total national greenhouse gas emissions and progress towards emission reduction targets.

Since 1990, greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture have shown an overall downward trend. However, further emission reduction measures will be required to achieve the targets established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Paris Agreement and relevant European legislation. In particular, under the Effort Sharing Regulation (EU) 2023/857, Italy is required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the sectors covered by the Regulation—including agriculture, buildings, transport, waste and industrial installations not covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)—by 43.7% by 2030, compared with 2005 levels.

In 2024, greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture accounted for 10.8% of total emissions from the sectors covered by the Effort Sharing Regulation, while emissions from the agricultural sector were 15.2% lower than in 2005.

The Chemical Status of Groundwater (SCAS) indicator assesses the chemical quality of Italian groundwater bodies by comparing pollutant concentrations with the Environmental Quality Standards and Threshold Values specified in Tables 2 and 3 of Ministerial Decree (DM) 6/7/2016.

Depending on whether these concentration limits are met, a groundwater body is classified as having either good or poor chemical status. This classification, along with quantitative status, determines the overall groundwater condition. The indicator is based on data from the classification of water bodies reported in WISE Reporting for the 3rd River Basin Management Plan (RBMP).

At the national level, during the 2016-2021 classification period related to the 3rd RBMP, there was an increase in groundwater bodies classified as having good chemical status, reaching 70% of the total (compared to 58% in the 2nd RBMP). The percentage of water bodies classified as poor was 27%.

At the district level, the percentage of groundwater bodies with good chemical status ranges from 56% in the Sicily District to 85% in the Eastern Alps District. Across all hydrographic districts, the number of water bodies with unknown status has significantly decreased compared to the previous cycle, with all water bodies now classified in the Eastern Alps, Southern Apennines, and Sicily Districts.

The indicator provides the national and regional estimate of the state conservation of Italian coasts in 2020 and of the changes due to erosion or progress suffered since 2006, useful for the assessment of the vulnerability of coastal areas and the risk to which urban centers, infrastructure and socio-economic activities that develop near the coast are exposed. In 2020 there was a significant instability over 1,913 km of coastline, of which 943 km for erosion and 970 km for advance, however, compared to the previous surveys (1950-2000, 2000-2006), there is a slight trend to greater stability and an increase in the stretches of coast in progress.

The indicator evaluates greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transport sector to verify the achievement of national and international objectives. In 2024 in Italy, transport is responsible for 31.2% of total greenhouse gas emissions. In the period 1990 - 2019, emissions from the transport sector (excluding international transport/bunkers) grew by 4.0%; in 2020 there was a marked reduction (-18.6% compared to 2019) fundamentally attributable to the mobility restriction measures due to the pandemic crisis, subsequently, from 2020 to 2021, there was an increase in emissions equal to 18.9%. From 2022 there will be a return to pre-pandemic levels. Overall, sector emissions from 1990 to 2024 increase by 10.9%. Various critical issues characterize the national transport system, which is far from the ambitious 2030 and 2050 objectives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions at a European level.

The indicator describes the conservation status of the 132 habitats protected by the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, one of the main pillars of community policy for nature conservation.  The indicator is based on the results of the Italian reports (III Report-2013, IV Report-2019, V Report 2025) drawn up pursuant to art. 17 of the Directive, coordinated by ISPRA on behalf of MASE and officially transmitted to the European Commission.

Specifically, the sheet presents the results of the fifth report in which distribution maps were produced for 124 terrestrial and inland water habitats and 8 marine habitats. Furthermore, 262 reporting forms have been updated, each referring to a habitat in the respective biogeographical regions of presence. In 2025, 42% of habitats are in poor conservation status (SC) (U1), while 48% are in bad conservation status (U2), meaning they are in worrying conditions. Comparing the results of the V Report with the previous ones (III-2013, IV-2019) no improvements in the SC emerge for most of the habitats, even if there was an overall increase in knowledge. The percentages of change in the habitat SC between the 4th and 5th reports show 71% of the assessments in which the habitat SC remains unchanged, 7% in which the SC improves, 19% of assessments in which the SC worsens and a remaining 3% in which the assessments in the two reports are not comparable.  The data presented confirm the urgency of implementing the actions envisaged by the EU Regulation 2024/1991 for the Restoration of Nature and by the European and National Strategies for Biodiversity, whose targets envisage that at least 30% of species and habitats in unfavorable SC improve their status by 2030 or show at least a trend of improvement. 

The indicator provides an estimate of the population at risk of landslides (risk of personal injury: dead, missing, injured, evacuated) on a national, regional, provincial and municipal basis. In Italy, the population at risk of landslides residing in areas with high and very high PAI danger (P3+P4) amounts to 1,284,960 inhabitants, equal to 2.2% of the total.

This indicator provides an overview of the population residing in flood-prone areas (population exposed to flood risk) at the national, regional, provincial, and municipal levels. In Italy, the population residing in areas with high hazard/probability is 4.1% of the total national population (2,431,847 people); those exposed to medium hazard/probability are 11.5% (6,818,375 people), while the population in areas with low hazard/probability is 20.6% (12,257,427 people).

Farmland birds represent effective indicators of environmental quality due to their sensitivity to habitat changes and the feasibility of monitoring their populations using standardized methodologies on a large scale. Owing to these characteristics, the Farmland Bird Index is adopted by the European Commission as a context indicator of the Common Agricultural Policy to assess the state of biodiversity in agroecosystems and the effectiveness of conservation and rural land management measures.

The national indicator, calculated on the basis of the trend of 28 species typical of farmland environments over the 2000-2025 period, highlights an overall decline of 33.49%, with 71% of the considered species in decrease. The indicator relating to species typical of mountain grasslands (FBIpm), calculated on the trend of 13 species, also shows a reduction of 29.90%, with 46% of the species in decline. The results reveal a persistent deterioration of biodiversity associated with Italian farmland environments and the need to strengthen the conservation measures provided for by national and European biodiversity strategies.