Soil degradation refers to the reduction in the biological productivity of soil resources. This process is often intrinsically linked to biodiversity loss and the impacts of climate change. Assessing soil degradation requires considering multiple interdependent factors, each contributing differently to the phenomenon.

In recent years, Italy has participated in the pilot project on Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN), promoted by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (…

The sequestration and storage of carbon constitute a regulatory service provided by various terrestrial and marine ecosystems due to their ability to capture greenhouse gases. This capacity varies in magnitude depending on the natural state of the ecosystem considered. This service contributes to global climate regulation and plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. Among all terrestrial ecosystems, natural and semi-natural forests have the highest carbon…

The indicator estimates soil loss due to water erosion, expressed in tonnes per hectare per year.
According to European estimates, Italy loses on average 8.77 tonnes/hectare/year, significantly higher than the European average.