The indicator represents projections of national greenhouse gas emissions up to 2040, based on the current policies scenario as of 31/12/2022, including those implemented under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), as well as the additional policies and measures scenario defined in the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (INECP). The scenarios are calculated starting from the most recent consolidated historical data for 2022, and reflect the expected evolution of key macroeconomic drivers as reported to the European Commission. The projected reductions in total greenhouse gas emissions (including LULUCF) by 2030, compared to 1990 levels, are estimated at -38% under the current policies scenario and -49% under the additional measures scenario.

The indicator describes the trend of national emissions of acidifying substances SOx, NOx, and NH3, both at the total and sectoral levels, highlighting the decreasing trend from 1990 to 2022 (-72.3%). With reference to Directive 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council, concerning the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, which defines the national emission reduction commitments relative to 2005, applicable from 2020 to 2029 and from 2030 onwards, sulfur oxides and ammonia have already reached the reduction target for 2020 by 2009; whereas nitrogen oxides reached it in 2014.

The indicator represents the trend of national particulate matter (PM10) emissions by source sector from 1990 to 2022, showing a significant overall reduction over the years (-40.5%). The road transport sector, which contributes 10% to total emissions in 2022, shows a reduction of 65.6% over the entire period. Emissions from non-industrial combustion, on the other hand, have increased by approximately 37.6% during the same period, becoming the most significant sector in 2022, accounting for 45.3% of total emissions.

The indicator illustrates the national emission trends of tropospheric ozone precursors—namely nitrogen oxides (NOx) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs)—disaggregated by emission source sector. A significant overall decline is observed between 1990 and 2022, amounting to -71% for NOx and -58% for NMVOCs, primarily driven by substantial reductions in emissions from the transport sector.

The indicator represents the trend of national emissions of particulate matter (PM2.5) by source sector from 1990 to 2022, highlighting a significant overall reduction over the years (-39%). The road transport sector, which contributes 9.3% of total emissions in 2022, shows a 75% decrease over the entire period. Emissions from non-industrial combustion, during the same period, increased by almost 38%, making it the most significant sector in 2022, accounting for 63.8% of total emissions.

The indicator represents, over the period 1990-2022, the trend of greenhouse gas emissions in Italy per capita and relative to GDP. A decrease is observed for both, accentuated by the growth of the population and GDP, which highlights a decoupling between drivers and pressures.

The indicator represents the historical series of national greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2022, broken down by sector. The data analysis shows a significant reduction in emissions in 2022 compared to 1990 (-21%), which can be explained by the economic recession that has slowed consumption in recent years, as well as by an increased use of renewable energy, leading to a reduction in CO2 emissions from the energy sector (-20% compared to 1990).

The indicator includes the emission allowances generated by installations covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), established under Directive 2003/87/EC, and the greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors not included in the ETS scope—namely small- and medium-scale industry, transport, residential and commercial buildings, agriculture, and waste. These are regulated under Decision No. 406/2009/EC (Effort Sharing Decision, ESD) up to 2020, and by the Effort Sharing Regulation (EU) 2018/842 (ESR) from 2021 onward. While non-ETS sector emissions in 2020 remained below the target threshold of 37 MtCO₂eq, in 2022 they exceeded the allowable limit by 5.5 MtCO₂eq, indicating a deviation from the reduction trajectory required to meet ESR targets.

The indicator represents the historical series of national heavy metal emissions from 1990 to 2022, by source sector. Since 1990, a reduction in emissions has been recorded for all metals. In particular, emissions of cadmium, mercury, and lead are in line with the internationally set targets under the Aarhus Protocol, having decreased by -63%, -64%, and -95%, respectively, compared to 1990 levels.

The indicator represents the trend of national persistent organic pollutant emissions by sector, from 1990 to 2022. The target set as a lower emission value than in 1990 was achieved for both PAHs (-30%) and dioxins and furans (-43%), with different trends.