The indicator represents the trend of national emissions of persistent organic compounds by source sector, from 1990 to 2023. The objective of achieving emission values lower than those of 1990 has been reached both for PAHs (-32%) and for dioxins and furans (-44%), although with different trends.

The indicator represents the time series of national emissions of heavy metals from 1990 to 2023, by source sector. Since 1990, a reduction in emissions has been observed for all metals. In particular, emissions of cadmium, mercury and lead are in line with the objectives set at the international level by the Aarhus Protocol, having decreased compared to 1990 values by -62%, -65% and -95%, respectively.

This indicator represents the national trend of emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors: nitrogen oxides (NOx) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), disaggregated by source sector. A marked decrease is observed between 1990 and 2023 (-74% for NOx and -57% for NMVOCs), mainly driven by the strong reduction of emissions from the transport sector.

The indicator represents projections of national greenhouse gas emissions up to 2055, considering the scenario based on policies in place as of 31 December 2022 — thus including those under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) — and the scenario with additional policies and measures defined by the National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC).
The scenario was developed starting from the latest consolidated historical data for 2023, as well as the expected evolution of key macroeconomic drivers according to the information provided to the European Commission.
Information available for 2024 and data relating to the first seven months of 2025 were also taken into account.
The projected reductions in total greenhouse gas emissions (including LULUCF) estimated for 2030 compared to 1990 are -42% in the current policies scenario and -53% in the additional policies scenario.

The indicator represents the time series of national greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2023, broken down by sector of origin. Data analysis shows that in 2023 there was a significant reduction in emissions compared to 1990 (-26.4%), explained by the economic recession, which curbed consumption in recent years, but also by a greater use of renewable energy sources. This resulted in a reduction in CO₂ emissions from the energy sector (-26.9% compared to 1990).

This indicator represents the trend of national particulate matter (PM10) emissions by source sector from 1990 to 2023, showing an overall marked reduction over the years (-42.9%). The road transport sector, which accounted for 9.8% of total emissions in 2023, shows a reduction of 67.8% over the entire period. Emissions from non-industrial combustion increased by about 33.7% over the same period, representing in 2023 the most significant sector with a 45.9% share of total emissions.

The indicator describes the trend in national emissions of the acidifying substances SOx, NOx, and NH₃, both in total and by sector, highlighting the decreasing trend from 1990 to 2023 (-72.3%). With reference to Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants—which defines national emission reduction commitments compared to 2005, applicable from 2020 to 2029 and from 2030 onwards—sulphur oxides and ammonia achieved the required 2020 reduction target as early as 2009, while nitrogen oxides reached it in 2014.

The indicator represents the trend in national emissions of particulate matter (PM2.5) by sector of origin from 1990 to 2023, highlighting a marked reduction over the years at a total level (-41%). The road transport sector, which contributes to total emissions with an emission share of 8.9% in 2023, presents a reduction of 77% over the entire period. Emissions from non-industrial combustion, in the same period, grew by 34%, representing the most important sector in 2023 with 64.4% of total emissions.

The indicator represents, over the period 1990-2023, the trend of greenhouse gas emissions in Italy per capita and relative to GDP. A decrease is observed for both, accentuated by the growth of the population and GDP, which highlights a decoupling between drivers and pressures.

The indicator consists of the share of greenhouse gas emissions generated by installations covered under the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), established by Directive 2003/87/EC, as well as emissions from all sectors not included in the ETS—namely small- and medium-scale industry, transport, residential and commercial buildings, agriculture, and waste. These non-ETS emissions were regulated under the Effort Sharing Decision (Decision No. 406/2009/EC) up to 2020 and, from 2021 onward, under the Effort Sharing Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2018/842).In 2020, emissions from the non-ETS sectors were below the national annual target of 37 MtCO₂eq. However, from 2021 onwards, emissions have not aligned with the annual reduction targets set under the Effort Sharing Regulation.