Descrizione 1
Fabrizio Vazzana, Francesca Pepe
The indicator analyses the distribution on the national territory of all industrial activities according to the categories defined in Legislative Decree 105/2015 for establishments at risk of major accidents. The analysis of the types of establishments allows us to define, albeit qualitatively, a mapping of industrial risk in our country. The legislation divides establishments into 38 categories of activities plus a thirty-ninth category (other) including all activities not included in the previous ones, based on the NACE code, a general classification system used to systematise and standardise the definitions of economic/industrial activities in the various Member States of the European Union. In particular, as of 31 December 2024, the total number of establishments at risk of major accidents is 933, with a slight decrease of 11 units compared to December 2023. As regards the type of activities present on the national territory, there is a prevalence of "LPG storage" depots and "chemical plants". Next come the so-called "Other activities, not specified", the "fuel storage" depots and the "production, bottling and wholesale distribution of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)" establishments. Together, these constitute approximately 50% of the total establishments. Next come the "treatment of metals by electrolytic or chemical processes", the "production of pharmaceutical products" and the "production, destruction and storage of explosives". Next come the "manufacture of chemical substances (not otherwise specified in the list)", the "production and storage of pesticides, biocides and fungicides" and the "storage, treatment and disposal of waste".
From the analysis of the types of establishments it is possible to obtain important information on the industrial risk map in our country. The activity of an establishment allows, in fact, to know in advance, albeit in a qualitative way, the potential associated danger. The new regulation divides the Seveso establishments into 38 categories of activities plus a thirty-ninth category (other) including all the activities not included in the previous ones, on the basis of the NACE code, a general classification system used to systematize and standardize the definitions of economic/industrial activities in the various member states of the European Union. From the belonging of an establishment to one of the above-mentioned categories it is possible to know in advance the risks associated with it. The storage depots of fuels and liquefied gases and the depots of explosives and pyrotechnic articles are characterized, for example, by a prevalent risk of fire and/or explosion with effects attributable, in the event of an accident, mainly to radiation and more or less high overpressure and therefore to structural damage to the plants and buildings and physical damage to humans. Chemical plants, pharmaceutical production plants, pesticide, biocide and fungicide storage depots combine the risk of fire and/or explosion, like the previous ones, with the risk of spreading toxic substances, even at a distance, and therefore the possibility of immediate and/or delayed dangers for humans and the environment. Metal processing and treatment plants and waste storage, treatment and disposal plants are instead normally characterized by a prevalent risk of environmental damage and consequently indirect damage to human health.
Estimate the prevalent nature of the risks to which they are subject: man, air, soil, subsoil, groundwater and surface water, in relation to the presence of certain types of establishments at risk of major accidents.
D.Lgs. 105/2015
Descrizione 2
ISPRA-MASE, Inventario Seveso ISPRA, Annuario dei dati ambientali - Vari anni
Depending on the speed with which the information reaches ISPRA, it is now subject to evaluation.
None
Qualificazione dati
National inventory of establishments likely to cause major accidents, as provided for by Article 5, paragraph 3 of Legislative Decree 105/2015.
https://www.rischioindustriale.isprambiente.gov.it/seveso-query-105/Default.php
National
2019-2024
Qualificazione indicatore
All information is taken from the National Inventory of establishments likely to cause major accidents, provided for by Article 5, paragraph 3 of Legislative Decree 105/2015. The inventory allows the extraction of an Excel file that allows to extrapolate after different steps, the data necessary for updating the indicator.
As of December 31, 2024, the number of establishments is equal to 933; those of the lower threshold are equal to 438, while those of the upper threshold are 495.
There are slight variations in the number and type of industries subject to the obligations imposed by the “Seveso” legislation. As of December 2024, the number of establishments shows a slight decrease, not significant for the quantification of a specific trend (933 compared to 944 in the previous year). From 2019 to December 2024, establishments went from 991 to 933, with a reduction of approximately 5%.
Dati
Tabella 1 - Stabilimenti Seveso per tipologia di attività
Figura 1: Distribuzione degli stabilimenti per tipologia di attività secondo la nuova classificazione prevista dal D.Lgs.105/2015 (2024)
With regard to the type of activities present in the national territory, there is a prevalence of "liquefied gas (LPG) storage depots" and "chemical plants". They are followed by the so-called "Other activities, not specified", "fuel storage" depots, "production, bottling and wholesale distribution of LPG" plants. Together, these constitute approximately 50% of the total number of plants with a risk of major accidents present in the national territory (Figure 1). They are followed by "wholesale and retail storage and distribution (excluding LPG)" depots and "metal treatment plants using electrolytic or chemical processes". They are followed by "pharmaceutical product production" plants, "explosives production, distribution and storage" plants, "chemical substances manufacturing (not otherwise specified in the list)" plants and "pesticides, biocides and fungicides production and storage" plants. As can be seen from Table 1, the variations are minimal, therefore it seems likely that since the entry into force of Legislative Decree 105/2015, after the transition from Legislative Decree 334/99 which led to a significant decrease in the number of establishments subject to it, a condition of substantial stability has been observed, albeit with a slight reduction process over the years.