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Internal Material Consumption (IMC) measures the apparent consumption of material resources within an economy. It is the main indicator derived from material flow accounts, used to assess a country's resource Productivity as part of policies on natural resource use. In 2023, Italy's Internal Material Consumption amounted to 498.4 million tonnes (-2.7% compared to the previous year), and Resource Productivity stood at 3.59 EUR/kg (+3.7% compared to the previous year).

In 2021, in Italy, consumption and investments caused 439.5 Mt of CO2 (carbon footprint), equivalent to about 1.2% of global CO2 emissions, marking a 15% increase compared to the previous year. Of these, about 52 Mt come from the EU (excluding Italy) through imports, and 126 Mt from the rest of the world. Household activities, primarily from transport and heating, which are solely of Italian origin, account for about a quarter of the carbon footprint. The category of final demand that accounts for the largest share of the carbon footprint is final consumption expenditure (28%). About 12% of Italy's carbon footprint originates from the EU (excluding Italy), 7% from China, 4% from Russia, and 17% from the rest of the world.

The circular material use rate measures the share of material resources reused by an economy. In the period 2004–2022, Italy's circular material use rate increased from 5.8% to 18.7%.