Comparison within the European Union highlights that Italy's primary and final energy intensity remains below the European average. This is largely due to historical lack of domestic primary energy sources, —which has fostered energy-saving behaviours, efficient infrastructure, and a relatively low energy-intensive production structure—as well as a high level of energy taxation (which has raised end-user energy prices above those in other countries), lower per capita income…

This indicator concerns atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that influence climate balance. In 2022, energy processes accounted for: 95.8% of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, 14.1% of methane (CH₄) emissions, 25.6% of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Energy processes did not contribute to fluorinated gas emissions. Overall, energy-related activities contributed to 81.8% of total GHG emissions. From 1995 to 2022, GHG emissions from energy processes closely mirrored energy…

The indicator concerns nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions into the atmosphere, which contribute to acidification and eutrophication processes. These emissions mainly originate from combustion processes (power generation plants, residential heating, transport); they can be reduced through interventions on the technologies themselves and/or by treating the gaseous effluents of the process. In 2022, energy-related processes accounted for 91.8% of total nitrogen oxides emissions. Since 1990,…

The indicator refers to atmospheric emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO₂), a major contributor to acidification processes. Sulphur dioxide emissions primarily originate from energy-related processes. In 2022, these processes accounted for 92.1% of total sulphur dioxide emissions.

Sulphur dioxide emissions mainly result from the use of fossil fuels (power generation plants, domestic heating, and transport); they can be reduced…

White Certificates, also known as “Energy Efficiency Titles” (EET) were introduced by Ministerial Decree of 24 April 2001 to promote the implementation of energy efficiency measures in end-use sectors to meet national energy savings targets for obligated parties. TEE are tradable securities that certify energy savings achieved in energy end-use through the implementation of specific interventions to increase energy efficiency. Each certificate represents a saving equivalent to one tonne of…