In 2025, the number of state-regulated installations subject to an Integrated Environmental Authorization (IEA) remained broadly in line with the 2024 level, reaching 133 installations following the commissioning of a new gas compression station.

The indicator provides information on the inspection and enforcement activities carried out by ISPRA, acting as the Competent Inspection Authority, with the support of the territorially competent Regional and Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies (ARPA/APPA), at industrial installations subject to a State-issued Integrated Environmental Authorization.

The positive trend observed between 2009 and 2014 underwent a slight reversal in 2015 for reasons unrelated to inspection activities, subsequently stabilised during 2016–2017, increased in 2018 (when the highest number of supervised installations was recorded), declined until 2022, and has remained broadly stable between 2022 and 2025.

In 2025, 69 installations were inspected, of which 18 were found to be non-compliant with the permit conditions, corresponding to 26% of all inspected installations.

The indicator represents the number of Integrated Environmental Authorization (AIA) provisions for active installations under state jurisdiction (overall review in compliance with art. 29-octies of Legislative Decree 152/06) issued by the Ministry of the Environment and Energy Safety (MASE), compared to the number of proceedings initiated, aimed at issuing AIA provisions. Starting from 2016, the issuing of AIA provisions under state competence began in application of the Commission's implementing decisions of 9 October 2014 - 2014/738/EU, of 31 July 2017 - UE/2017/1442 and of 21 November 2017 - UE/2017/2117. From the analysis of the trend for the period 2016-2024 it can be seen that the percentage of AIA provisions issued by MASE on the total number of proceedings initiated is growing, reaching 97% in 2024, therefore approaching the objective of 100%. ISPRA has the task of ensuring technical-scientific support to the AIA-IPPC Commission for the releases of new AIAs, modifications and reviews of AIAs under state jurisdiction, as well as proposing, at the Conference of Services, the Monitoring and Control Plan (PMC), in accordance with paragraph 6 of the art. 29-quater of Legislative Decree 152/06. In 2024, as part of the technical-scientific support to the AIA-IPPC Investigation Commission for the releases, modifications and reviews of the AIA procedures initiated by the MASE (92), ISPRA drafted and sent to the MASE 105 Investigation Reports (RI) for the assessment of the completeness of the AIA application and for the definition of the Concluding Investigation Opinions (PIC) drawn up by the AIA-IPPC Commission, 3 Reports validation of the Reference Report and 66 Monitoring and Control Plans (PMC) an integral part of the AIA aimed at defining the monitoring and control methods of the plants and emissions in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 6 of the art. 29-sexies of Legislative Decree 152/06. The documents drawn up by ISPRA and transmitted to MASE also partly concern AIA proceedings initiated by MASE in previous periods. In 2024, the MASE issued 92 AIA provisions.

The indicator represents emissions in the refining sector, taking into account the three environmental components: air, water, and waste, particularly: airborne emissions of major pollutants such as SOx, NOx, CO, and particulates; emissions of polluting substances into water, such as COD (chemical oxygen demand), TSS (total suspended solids), phenols, and total hydrocarbons; the quantity of total waste, including hazardous and non-hazardous waste produced, and the waste recovery rate. Air emissions have decreased significantly over the past 10 years, thanks to the introduction of more restrictive limits in the AIA (Integrated Environmental Authorisation) measures and the implementation of BAT (Best Available Techniques). The largest reduction in polluting emissions in water is observed for the pollutant TSS, which has decreased by 84.8% between 2011 and 2023. The percentage of waste sent for recovery has increased, rising from 26.7% in 2011 to 42.7% in 2023. The improvements achieved in terms of reduction of polluting emissions in water and the percentage of waste sent for recovery can be attributed to the environmental management systems implemented by operators, based on the specific requirements of the Integrated Environmental Authorisations imposed by the MASE (Ministry of Environment and Energy Security), especially since 2018, the period of comprehensive reviews of AIA for refineries, and to the monitoring activities carried out by ISPRA for environmental monitoring, which is conducted during both regular and extraordinary inspection controls.