UN - SDG Goals
Goal 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Costruire una infrastruttura resiliente e promuovere l’innovazione ed una industrializzazione equa, responsabile e sostenibile.
The indicator reports the evolution of intramural Research and Development (R&D) expenditure by industrial enterprises in Italy. In 2023, intramural R&D expenditure reached EUR 12.19 billion, an increase of 7% compared with 2022, exceeding the pre-pandemic peak recorded in 2019. Almost all expenditure (99%) continued to be generated by the manufacturing sector, while mining and quarrying, energy supply, and waste management activities together accounted for the remaining 1%. Over the period 2012–2023, total investment increased by 46.1%. At the European level, R&D expenditure amounted to approximately 1.38% of GDP in 2024 (1.37% in 2023), leaving Italy below both the euro area average and its main European industrial competitors.
The indicator evaluates the demand for freight transport (also in relation to economic growth) and the evolution over time of modal split. The transport demand is increasingly met by road freight transport, which continues to dominate other transport modes in terms of growth and modal share (approximately 59% in 2024).
The indicator measures passenger transport demand (according to different modes) and compares its trend with that of economic growth and population. Transport demand is increasingly met by individual road transport (passenger cars and motorcycles), which, due to its growth and modal share (approximately 79% in 2024), remains dominant compared to other transport modes.