Fabrizio Vazzana, Francesca Pepe
The indicator analyzes the type of substances or categories of dangerous substances/mixtures most widespread in establishments at risk of major accidents, present on the national territory and declared by the managers of establishments subject to Legislative Decree 105/2015. Among the categories of dangerous substances (Annex 1 - part 1 of Legislative Decree 105/2015) most widespread in quantitative terms, those belonging to Section "P" - Physical dangers, in particular flammable liquids, are worth mentioning. Substances that are dangerous for the environment and fall into the "E" hazard category - Dangers for the environment are also very widespread. The regions with the greatest presence of toxic substances are found to be the Sardinia followed by Sicily, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna . While the region where the greatest quantities of flammable substances are present is the Sicily , followed by Friuli-Venezia Giulia , Lombardy and Sardinia . There is a conspicuous presence, distributed throughout Italy, of flammable liquefied gases and natural gases (LPG and methane) and petroleum products.
it is possible to obtain useful information for the map of the dangers associated with a plant, not only from the activity carried out, but also from the quantities, type and properties of the dangerous substances and mixtures present in it. This indicator analyzes the type of substances or categories of dangerous substances/mixtures most widespread in establishments at risk of major accidents, present on the national territory and declared by the managers of the establishments (lower threshold and upper threshold) subject to Legislative Decree 105/2015, as specified respectively in Annex 1 - part 1 (categories of dangerous substances) and part 2 (specified dangerous substances) of the same decree.
Estimate the prevailing nature of the risks to which humans, air, soil, subsoil, groundwater and surface water are subject in relation to the presence of certain dangerous substances and mixtures in establishments at risk of a major accident.
Legislative Decree 105/2015
ISPRA-MASE, Seveso Inventory
ISPRA, Environmental data yearbook - Various years
It depends on the timeliness and accuracy of the information that reaches ISPRA from the managers, now subjected to a validation process before approval.
none
ISPRA MASE (Ministry of the Environment and Energy Safety)
All information comes from the national inventory of establishments likely to cause major accidents, provided for by article 5, paragraph 3 of Legislative Decree 105/2015. Https://www. rischioindustriale. isprambiente. gov. it/seveso-query-105/Default. php
National, Regional
2019-2025
All information is taken from the National Inventory of establishments likely to cause major accidents, provided for by Article 5, paragraph 3 of Legislative Decree 105/2015. The inventory allows the extraction of an Excel file which allows the data necessary to update the indicator to be extrapolated after different steps.
At present, given that a sufficient level of knowledge has now been reached for managers in completing the notification form and in the correct classification of the substances present, no significant fluctuations are to be expected in the future.
Compared to the previous survey of june 2025, there is a considerable increase in substances dangerous for the environment, identified in Sardinia, Lombardy and Sicily , while the other total quantities remain almost constant.
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Table 1: Total quantity of substances by hazard category (updated 11/30/2025) Data source
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Table 2: Total quantity of specified substances (updated 11/30/2025) Data source
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Table 3: Total quantity of substances by hazard category, by region (updated 11/30/2025) Data source
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Table 4: Detail (largest diffusion) of a sample of substances specified by region (updated 11/30/2025) Data source
ISPRA |
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Figure 1: Quantities of dangerous preparations and substances - Environmental hazards (section "E") Data source
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Figure 2: Quantities of dangerous preparations and substances - Physical hazards (section "P") Data source
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Figure 3: Quantities of dangerous preparations and substances - Health hazards (section "H") Data source
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Figure 4: Quantities of dangerous preparations and substances - Other hazards (section "O") Data source
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In Tables 1 and 2, for useful information, the following are indicated: - the number of occurrences per danger class. Consider that in this case substances that belong to multiple danger classes appear several times; - the number of establishments that have notified the substance; - the total of the substance present on the national territory resulting from the sum of the quantities present in the establishments that notified it; - the danger indications for each substance or category of substances; Among the categories of dangerous substances in Annex 1 - part 1 of Legislative Decree 105/2015, which are most widespread in quantitative terms, we can highlight the category of substances belonging to Section "P" - Physical dangers, in particular flammable liquids. Substances that are dangerous for the environment and fall into the danger category "E" - Dangers for the environment (Table 1) are also very widespread. Among the dangerous substances specified in Annex 1 - part 2 of Legislative Decree 105/2015, there is a conspicuous presence, distributed throughout Italy, of flammable liquefied gases and natural gases (LPG and methane) and petroleum products (petrol, diesel, kerosene and fuel oil). The significant presence of methanol and oxygen is also revealed; finally, even if concentrated in some regions, particularly significant quantities of ammonium nitrates and anhydrous ammonia are highlighted. For a more detailed analysis, the distribution of the notified substances on Italian territory at a regional level was also analyzed (Tables 3 and 4). The dangerous substances included in Annex 1 part 1 are grouped into categories with similar dangerous characteristics, i. e.: section "E" - Dangers for the environment, section "H" - Health dangers (which includes substances with acute toxicity), section "O" - Other dangers, section "P" - Physical dangers (which includes explosive, flammable and oxidising substances). The regions with the greatest presence of toxic substances are the Sardinia and Lombardy , followed by Emilia Romagna and from Veneto . It should be noted that the region where the greatest quantities of flammable substances are present is the Sicily , followed by Friuli-Venezia Giulia , Lombardy and Sardinia . Similarly, the Sardinia is the region with the highest quantity of substances dangerous for the environment. The dangerous substances that fall into section O - Other dangers are present in less significant quantities and the regions with the highest quantities are the Lombardy and Tuscany . As regards the substances notified in Annex 1 - part 2 of Legislative Decree 105/2015, some of the most widespread ones on Italian territory have been reported, such as liquefied gases and methane, petroleum products, methanol, oxygen, chlorine and toluene diisocyanate. It should be noted that liquefied gases (LPG), natural gas and petroleum products (petrol, diesel, kerosene and fuel oil) are distributed fairly uniformly throughout the Italian territory, with peaks, for gases (LPG and methane, referring to underground storage of natural gas), in Lombardy, Emilia Romagna and Abruzzo while for petroleum products, the Sicily due to the presence of oil refining plants. For the other substances examined, specific concentrations are recorded in some regions: the Emilia Romagna for methanol, the Tuscany for chlorine, the Lombardy for oxygen and toluene diisocyanate (Table 4). It should be noted that since the data present in the tables is a function of various factors, in some cases an attempt has been made to provide further brief additional information, which however is insufficient for a complete and detailed analysis of the data, an objective deferred to more specialized publications of the Institute.