Francesca Pepe, Fabrizio Vazzana
The indicator analyzes the type of substances or categories of hazardous substances/mixtures most widespread in establishments at risk of major accidents, present throughout Italy and declared by the managers of establishments subject to Legislative Decree 105/2015. Among the categories of hazardous substances (Annex 1 - Part 1 of Legislative Decree 105/2015) most widespread in quantitative terms, are those belonging to Section "P" - Physical hazards, in particular flammable liquids. Environmentally hazardous substances falling into the hazard category "E" - Environmental hazards are also very widespread. The regions with the highest presence of hazardous substances are Sicily, followed by Sardinia, Lombardy, and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. The region with the highest quantities of flammable substances is Lombardy, followed by Emilia-Romagna, Abruzzo, and Sicily. There is a significant presence, distributed throughout Italy, of flammable liquefied gases and natural gases (LPG and methane) and petroleum products.
Useful information for mapping the hazards associated with a facility can be obtained not only from the activity performed, but also from the quantities, types, and properties of the hazardous substances and mixtures present there. This indicator analyzes the types of substances or categories of hazardous substances/mixtures most prevalent in facilities at risk of major accidents, present throughout Italy and declared by the managers of the facilities (lower and upper threshold) subject to Legislative Decree 105/2015, as specified respectively in Annex 1 - Part 1 (categories of hazardous substances) and Part 2 (specified hazardous substances) of the same decree.
Estimate the prevalent nature of the risks to humans, air, soil, subsoil, groundwater, and surface water in relation to the presence of certain hazardous substances and mixtures in establishments at risk of major accidents.
Legislative Decree. 105/2015
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ISPRA (Higher Institute for Environmental Protection and Research) MASE (Ministry of the Environment and Energy Security)
All information comes from the National Inventory of establishments likely to cause major accidents that ISPRA prepares and updates on behalf of MASE, as required by Article 5, paragraph 3 of Legislative Decree 105/15.
https://www.rischioindustriale.isprambiente.gov.it/seveso-query-105/Default.php
National, Regional
2019-2026
Amount of substance held
All information is taken from the National Inventory of Establishments Sensitive to Major Accidents. The Inventory allows for the extraction of an Excel file that, after various steps, allows the data needed to update the indicator to be extracted.
At present, given that operators have now reached a sufficient level of knowledge in completing the notification form and correctly classifying the substances present, no significant fluctuations are expected in the future.
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Table 1: Total quantity of substances by hazard category (updated 06/30/2026) Fonte
ISPRA, National Inventory of Establishments at Risk of Major Accidents |
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Table 2: Total quantity of specified substances (updated 06/30/2026) Fonte
ISPRA, National Inventory of Establishments at Risk of Major Accidents |
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Table 3: Total quantity of substances by hazard category, by region (updated 06/30/2026) Fonte
ISPRA, National Inventory of Establishments at Risk of Major Accidents |
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Table 4: Detail (largest diffusion) of a sample of substances specified by region (updated 06/30/2026) Fonte
ISPRA, National Inventory of Establishments at Risk of Major Accidents |
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Figure 1: Quantities of hazardous substances - Section “H” Health hazards Fonte
ISPRA, National Inventory of Establishments at Risk of Major Accidents |
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Figure 2: Quantities of substances (Section "P" - physical hazards) Fonte
ISPRA, National Inventory of Establishments at Risk of Major Accidents |
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Figure 3: Quantities of hazardous substances - Section “E” Environmental hazards Fonte
ISPRA, National Inventory of Establishments at Risk of Major Accidents |
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Figure 4: Quantities of hazardous substances - Section “O” Other hazards Fonte
ISPRA, National Inventory of Establishments at Risk of Major Accidents |
Tables 1 and 2 indicate, for your convenience, the following: - the number of occurrences per hazard class. Please note that in this case, substances belonging to multiple hazard classes appear multiple times; - the number of establishments that have notified the substance; - the total amount of the substance present in the country resulting from the sum of the quantities present in the establishments that have notified it; - the hazard statements for each substance or category of substances; Among the categories of hazardous substances in Annex 1 - Part 1 of Legislative Decree 105/2015, the most widespread in quantitative terms, is the category of substances belonging to Section "P" - Physical hazards, in particular flammable liquids. Also very widespread are substances hazardous to the environment that fall into the hazard category "E" - Environmental hazards (Table 1). Among the hazardous substances specified in Annex 1 - Part 2 of Legislative Decree 105/2015, a significant presence, distributed throughout Italy, of flammable liquefied gases and natural gases (LPG and methane) and petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, and fuel oil) is evident. A significant presence of methanol and oxygen is also noted; finally, although concentrated in some regions, particularly significant quantities of ammonium nitrates and anhydrous ammonia are noted. For a more detailed analysis, the regional distribution of the notified substances across Italy was also analyzed (Tables 3 and 4). The hazardous substances included in Annex 1, Part 1, are grouped into categories with similar hazardous characteristics, namely: Section "E" - Environmental Hazards, Section "H" - Health Hazards (which includes acutely toxic substances), Section "O" - Other Hazards, Section "P" - Physical Hazards (which includes explosive, flammable, and oxidizing substances). The regions with the highest concentrations of acutely toxic substances (Section "O") are Lombardy and Tuscany, followed by Piedmont and Veneto. It should be noted that the regions with the highest concentrations of environmentally hazardous substances (Section "H") are Sardinia, Lombardy, and Sicily. Similarly, Sardinia is the region with the highest concentrations of environmentally hazardous substances (Section "E"). The hazardous substances included in Section "P" - Physical Hazards are Sicily, Friuli Venezia Giulia, and Lombardy. Regarding the substances notified in Annex 1 - Part 2 of Legislative Decree 105/2015, some of the most widespread substances in Italy have been reported, such as liquefied gases and methane, petroleum products, methanol, oxygen, chlorine, and toluene diisocyanate. It should be noted that liquefied gases (LPG), natural gas, and petroleum products (gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and fuel oil) are fairly evenly distributed throughout Italy, with peaks for gases (LPG and methane, referring to underground natural gas storage), in Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, and Abruzzo, while for petroleum products, Sicily is the location of petroleum refining plants. For the other substances examined, specific concentrations are recorded in some regions: Emilia-Romagna for methanol, Tuscany for chlorine, and Lombardy for oxygen and toluene diisocyanate (Table 4). It should be noted that since the data in the tables are a function of various factors, in some cases an attempt has been made to provide additional brief information, which, however, is insufficient for a complete and detailed analysis of the data, a goal that is deferred to more specialized publications from the Institute.