Panel 1
Francesca Pepe, Fabrizio Vazzana
The indicator allows the identification of areas with a particular concentration of establishments at risk of a major accident, providing useful information for territorial planning, in particular for the destination and use of land. In 2025, the municipalities in which there are 4 or more RIR (Major Accident Risk) establishments are 29, distributed in 12 regions: they host approximately a quarter of all the factories at risk of major accidents in Italy. The regions with the largest number of these municipalities are: Lombardy 5, Sicily 4, Lazio 4 and Piedmont 4. Among the municipalities characterized by a high number of establishments, Ravenna is worth mentioning 28, Genoa with 13, followed by Trecate and Venezia con 10, Naples and Filago with 9, Augusta and Catania with 8, Anagni and Livorno with 7 each.
The indicator reports the list of municipalities in whose territory there are establishments at risk of a major accident requiring notification (lower threshold and upper threshold establishments), as well as the number of establishments present in each municipality. With this indicator the area of the analysis has been narrowed, taking as reference a territorial reality less extensive than the region or province or the municipality. From the analysis of the indicator it is possible to draw further considerations on the map of the dangers of major accidents in our country. In fact, this information allows us to better highlight, going down to the municipality level, the areas in which there is a particular concentration of establishments at risk of a major accident. The presence of an establishment at risk of a major accident in a municipality also influences territorial planning and, in particular, the destination and use of land. In fact, it is necessary to maintain appropriate safety distances between establishments at risk of major accidents (RIR) and the surrounding residential and commercial areas (article 22 of Legislative Decree 105/15).
Provide elements for the identification of areas with a high concentration of establishments at risk of major accidents present on the national territory.
Identification of areas with a high concentration of industrial plants at risk of major accidents pursuant to articles. 19 and 22 of Legislative Decree 105/2015.
Panel 2
ISPRA-MASE, Seveso Inventory ISPRA, Yearbook of environmental data - Various years
It depends on the timeliness and accuracy of the information that reaches ISPRA from the managers, now subjected to a validation process before approval.
None
Data quality assessment
ISPRA MASE (Ministry of the Environment and Energy Safety)
All information comes from the national inventory of establishments likely to cause major accidents, provided for by article 5, paragraph 3 of Legislative Decree 105/15. Https://www. rischioindustriale. isprambiente. gov. it/seveso-query-105/Default. php
Regional, Provincial, Municipal
2023-2025
Indicator assessment
All information is taken from the National Inventory of establishments likely to cause major accidents, provided for by Article 5, paragraph 3 of Legislative Decree 105/2015. The inventory allows the extraction of an Excel file which allows the data necessary to update the indicator to be extrapolated after different steps.
Al november 30, 2025, the municipalities in which there are 4 or more RIR establishments are 29, distributed in 12 regions: approximately 1/4 of the factories at risk of major accidents in Italy are located in them. The regions with the largest number of these municipalities are: Lombardy 5, Sicily 4, Lazio 4 and Piedmont 4. Among the municipalities characterized by a high number of establishments, Ravenna is worth mentioning 28, Genoa with 13, followed by Trecate and Venezia con 10, Naples and Filago with 9, Augusta and Catania with 8, Anagni and Livorno with 7 each.
Compared to the previous evaluation period ( june 2025) the number of municipalities with at least 4 RIR factories remained the same and there were no significant changes in the number and type of industries subject to the obligations imposed by the "Seveso" legislation. They register 206 activity, increasing compared to the previous half-year.
Data
Table 1: List of municipalities in the national territory in which 4 or more establishments subject to Legislative Decree No. 105/2015 are located (update as of 30.11.2025).
ISPRA
Figure 1: Municipalities with at least 4 RIR establishments (year)
ISPRA
The choice of the threshold value of 4 factories was made for practical reasons and does not prefigure a specific regulatory orientation regarding the criteria for identifying areas with a high concentration of factories at risk of a major accident. The data available are, in addition to the name of the municipalities, the number of establishments for each of the selected municipalities. From the analysis of the indicator it is possible to draw further considerations on the map of the dangers of major accidents in our country. In fact, this information allows us to better highlight, going down to the municipality level, the areas in which there is a particular concentration of establishments at risk of a major accident (figure 1).