Descrizione 1
Finocchiaro Giovanni
In 2022, Italy's primary environmental expenditure increased by 163% compared to 2021, reflecting a greater political interest in environmental issues. However, the share of key sectors (biodiversity and landscape protection, forest and wildlife management) in total environmental spending declined from 9.1% to 4.2%.
Despite the increase in available resources, spending capacity varies across sectors, with efficiency rates ranging from 88.5% for biodiversity to 69.1% for forest management. This trend highlights the need to optimize investments to ensure the protection of natural heritage, in alignment with the sustainable development goals of the 2030 Agenda.
The indicator highlights the primary expenditure (net of interest payments, capital income, and financial liability repayments) incurred by central government administrations for activities related to biodiversity and landscape protection and the sustainable use of natural resources.
Specifically, the indicator considers primary expenditure for the following environmental sectors:
6. Biodiversity and landscape protection (as per the Classification of Environmental Protection Activities and expenditures – CEPA);
11. Use and management of forests and
12. Use and management of wild flora and fauna (as per the Classification of Resource Use and Management Activities and expenditures – CRUMA).
Additionally, the indicator highlights the share of primary expenditure dedicated to the above sectors (CEPA 6, CRUMA 11, and 12) relative to the total national environmental expenditure.
It also includes the expenditure efficiency coefficient, which expresses the government's capacity to utilize available resources during the fiscal year, calculated as the ratio between the total payments (current and residual accounts) and the total spendable amount.
To represent Italy’s economic effort for the protection and sustainable use of its natural heritage.
As a regulatory reference, paragraph 6 of Article 36 of Law No. 196 of December 31, 2009, "Law on Accounting and Public Finance," is noted. However, no specific targets have been set for this indicator.
Descrizione 2
MEF- Rendiconto generale della Amministrazione dello Stato per gli esercizi finanziari (vari anni) - Relazione illustrativa.
The information provided cannot be disaggregated into more detailed categories and does not allow for tracing the specific characteristics of the financed activities.
Disaggregate the sub-categories of primary expenditure devoted to the above-mentioned areas (CEPA 6; CRUMA 11 and 12); distinguish between expenditure on biodiversity protection and expenditure on landscape protection.
Qualificazione dati
National
2010-2022
Qualificazione indicatore
Basic calculation operations.
Between 2021 and 2022, resources allocated to primary environmental spending increased by 309.4% (rising from €12,867,147,739 to €33,878,892,707), including expenditures for biodiversity and landscape protection (31.7%) and forest management (0.4%) (Table 1).
However, expenditure on capital accounts for Sector 12 - Use and Management of Flora and Fauna decreased by 16%, although the total spending in this sector did not decline (Table 1).
In 2022:
- Sector 6 - Biodiversity and Landscape Protection recorded a realization coefficient of 88.5%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points compared to 2021.
- Sector 11 - Forest Use and Management had the highest realization coefficient at 69.1%, an increase of 4.1 percentage points compared to 2021.
- Sector 12 - Use and Management of Flora and Fauna recorded a coefficient of 86.6%, a decrease of 4.7 percentage points compared to 2022 (Figure 2).
These values are explained by a significant increase in environmental funding, along with a moderate rise in spending for Sector 6 and a slight increase for Sector 11.
Primary environmental expenditure as a whole increased by 163.3% between 2010 and 2022. It is also noted that the share of the three sectors considered in total primary environmental expenditure (ex post spendable amount) decreased over the same period, dropping from 9.1% to 4.1%.
In terms of spending realization coefficients, in 2022 the total primary environmental expenditure shows an increase compared to 2010 (74.4 vs 56.2 in 2010) (Figure 2). The realization coefficient values for CEPA 6 have increased (+22.5%), along with CRUMA 12 (+12%) and the use and management of forest resources (+8%).
The increase in primary expenditure for environmental protection, particularly in the sectors of biodiversity, forests, and wild flora and fauna, aligns closely with Target 11.4 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which aims to strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage. Although the indicator does not directly specify actions related to cultural heritage, the protection of biodiversity and the sustainable management of natural resources essentially contribute to the conservation of natural heritage, a fundamental aspect of global heritage.
This alignment highlights Italy's commitment to achieving global sustainability goals, underlining the importance of maintaining and further strengthening these initiatives to ensure the safeguarding of natural heritage in both national and international contexts.
Dati
Table 1: Primary expenditure[1] for the environment (final expendable mass[2]) for environmental sectors directly related to biodiversity protection and sustainable use of natural resources. FY 2022
Elaboration ISPRA on data from State Accounting Department - State Ecorecounts - Fiscal Years 2010-2022
[1] Spesa primaria : spesa finale, data dalla somma delle spese correnti (Titolo I) e delle spese in conto capitale (Titolo II), al netto degli interessi passivi; [2] Massa spendibile: Esprime l’insieme delle risorse finanziarie utilizzabili dall’amministrazione durante l’esercizio. Si calcola come la somma degli stanziamenti definitivi di competenza (costituiti dalla somma degli stanziamenti iniziali di competenza e dalle variazioni intervenute nel corso dell’esercizio) e dei residui iniziali accertati.
Figure 1: Percentage breakdown of primary environmental spending (final spendable mass) by environmental sector
Elaboration ISPRA on data from State Accounts Office - General State Accounts - State Ecorendication - FY 2022
Figure 2: Environmental primary expenditure realization coefficient for the three environmental sectors directly related to biodiversity protection and sustainable use of natural resources and for total primary expenditure
Elaboration ISPRA on data from State Accounting Department - State Ecorecounts - Fiscal Years 2010-2022
Total expenditure realization coefficient =current expenditure + capital expenditure
Between 2021 and 2022, resources allocated to primary environmental spending increased by 309.4% (from €12,867,147,739 to €33,878,892,707), including expenditures for biodiversity and landscape protection (31.7%) and forest management (0.4%) (Table 1).
However, expenditure on capital accounts for Sector 12 - Use and Management of Flora and Fauna decreased by 16%, although the total spending in this sector did not decline (Table 1).
In 2022:
Sector 6 - Biodiversity and Landscape Protection recorded a realization coefficient of 88.5%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points compared to 2021.
Sector 11 - Forest Use and Management had the highest realization coefficient at 69.1%, an increase of 4.1 percentage points compared to 2021.
Sector 12 - Use and Management of Flora and Fauna recorded a coefficient of 86.6%, a decrease of 4.7 percentage points compared to 2022 (Figure 2).
These values are explained by a significant increase in environmental funding, along with a moderate rise in spending for Sector 6 and a slight increase for Sector 11.