The indicator provides information on sites subject to regional remediation procedures, based on data extracted from regional registries and databases. In 2023, 38,556 sites were registered, of which 22,191 have completed the remediation process.

For 62% of the sites, at least one surface area value (administrative or technical) is available. The sites for which the administrative area is known number 21,711, equal to 56% of the procedures. Among the ongoing procedures, 59% of the sites are in the notification phase, 21% are developing or have developed the conceptual model, while 20% have approved interventions.

For 97% of the sites with ongoing remediation procedures, the contamination status is known: 6,400 are potentially contaminated, 3,974 are contaminated, and 5,502 are awaiting analytical assessments. Among the concluded procedures, in only 30% of cases was an intervention necessary, while in the remaining 70% the procedure concluded without any intervention.

The indicator represents the historical series of national greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2022, broken down by sector. The data analysis shows a significant reduction in emissions in 2022 compared to 1990 (-21%), which can be explained by the economic recession that has slowed consumption in recent years, as well as by an increased use of renewable energy, leading to a reduction in CO2 emissions from the energy sector (-20% compared to 1990).

The indicator describes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CH₄, N₂O, CO₂) released into the atmosphere by the agricultural sector, mainly due to livestock management and fertilizer use. It allows for the assessment of the sector’s contribution to total national emissions and the achievement of emission reduction targets.

Since 1990, greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector have shown a decreasing trend; however, further mitigation measures will be necessary to meet the targets established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and relevant European directives.

Specifically, Italy’s target for 2030 under the Effort Sharing Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/857) is a -43.7% reduction in total GHG emissions from agriculture, buildings, transport, waste, and industrial installations not covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS), compared to 2005 levels.

In 2022, GHG emissions from agriculture accounted for a relatively small share (11.2%) of total emissions from sectors covered by the Effort Sharing Regulation, while emissions from agriculture decreased by 12.2% compared to 2005.

The indicator assesses greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector to monitor progress towards national and international targets. In 2022, transport accounted for 26.6% of total greenhouse gas emissions in Italy. Between 1990 and 2019, transport emissions (excluding international transport/bunkers) increased by 4.1%. In 2020, a sharp decline (-18.6% compared to 2019) was observed, mainly due to mobility restrictions linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, emissions increased by 18.9% from 2020 to 2021. In 2022, a further estimated increase of 6.7% brought emissions back to pre-pandemic levels. Overall, emissions from the transport sector rose by 7.4% from 1990 to 2022. The national transport system faces multiple critical issues and remains far from achieving the ambitious 2030 and 2050 EU climate targets.

In 2023, the total amount of municipal waste disposed of in landfills amounted to approximately 4.6 million tonnes, with 112 landfill facilities in operation nationwide. Compared to 2022, this represents a 10.8% reduction in the total quantity of municipal waste landfilled (equivalent to -559,000 tonnes) and a 4.3% decrease in the number of operational sites (-5 facilities).

Nel 2023, la percentuale di raccolta differenziata è pari al 66,6% della produzione nazionale (29,3 milioni di tonnellate) (+1,4 punti percentuali rispetto al 2022), mantenendosi al di sopra dell’obiettivo fissato dalla normativa per il 2012 (65%).

The Chemical Status of Groundwater (SCAS) indicator assesses the chemical quality of Italian groundwater bodies by comparing pollutant concentrations with the Environmental Quality Standards and Threshold Values specified in Tables 2 and 3 of Ministerial Decree (DM) 6/7/2016.

Depending on whether these concentration limits are met, a groundwater body is classified as having either good or poor chemical status. This classification, along with quantitative status, determines the overall groundwater condition. The indicator is based on data from the classification of water bodies reported in WISE Reporting for the 3rd River Basin Management Plan (RBMP).

At the national level, during the 2016-2021 classification period related to the 3rd RBMP, there was an increase in groundwater bodies classified as having good chemical status, reaching 70% of the total (compared to 58% in the 2nd RBMP). The percentage of water bodies classified as poor was 27%.

At the district level, the percentage of groundwater bodies with good chemical status ranges from 56% in the Sicily District to 85% in the Eastern Alps District. Across all hydrographic districts, the number of water bodies with unknown status has significantly decreased compared to the previous cycle, with all water bodies now classified in the Eastern Alps, Southern Apennines, and Sicily Districts.

The indicator provides the national and regional estimate of the state conservation of Italian coasts in 2020 and of the changes due to erosion or progress suffered since 2006, useful for the assessment of the vulnerability of coastal areas and the risk to which urban centers, infrastructure and socio-economic activities that develop near the coast are exposed. In 2020 there was a significant instability over 1,913 km of coastline, of which 943 km for erosion and 970 km for advance, however, compared to the previous surveys (1950-2000, 2000-2006), there is a slight trend to greater stability and an increase in the stretches of coast in progress.

The Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) is one of the main pillars of the European Union's nature conservation policy. This indicator is based on data provided by Italy for the periodic reporting required of Member States under Article 17 of the Directive. The report provides a general summary of the Italy’s Fourth Report, referring to data from monitoring activities conducted by regions and autonomous provinces during the 2013–2018 period. Specifically, it highlights the overall conservation status observed for terrestrial and inland water habitats across the national territory, as well asthe distribution of conservation status across the Italian biogeographical regions. Additionally, the report outlines the number of assessments to be conducted by individual regions and autonomous provinces for habitat monitoring, providing an estimate of the expected workload.

The trend compared to the previous reporting cycle is negative, showing a decrease in favorable assessments. Currently, only 8% of cases are classified as having a favorable conservation status, while 49% are deemed inadequate and 40% poor. This indicates a generally critical situation, further distancing Italy from achieving the objectives set by the Directive.

This indicator provides an overview of the population residing in flood-prone areas (population exposed to flood risk) at the national, regional, provincial, and municipal levels. In Italy, the population residing in areas with high hazard/probability is 4.1% of the total national population (2,431,847 people); those exposed to medium hazard/probability are 11.5% (6,818,375 people), while the population in areas with low hazard/probability is 20.6% (12,257,427 people).

The indicator provides an estimate of the population exposed to landslide risk (personal damage risk: deaths, missing, injuries, and evacuations) on a national, regional, provincial, and municipal basis. In Italy, the population at landslide risk residing in areas with high and very high landslide hazard (P3+P4) amounts to 1,303,666 inhabitants, equal to 2.2% of the total population.