The indicator reports, for each region/autonomous province, the absolute number, the normalized number (per inhabitants and surface area), and the power of radio and television broadcasting (RTV) facilities and base transceiver station (BTS) services for mobile communication. It also specifies the number of sites where the facilities/services are installed.

In 2023, the number of sites and RTV facilities showed slight variations compared to the previous year (+1.8% RTV sites, +0.8% RTV facilities), increasing from 3,750 to 3,819 RTV sites and from 13,398 to 13,508 RTV facilities. The total RTV power decreased by 6.6%, dropping from 7,519 kW to 7,022 kW.

Regarding Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) for mobile communication, 2023 saw a slight increase compared to 2022 in the number of sites (+0.3%), facilities (+0.5%), and services (+1.6%), rising from 28,274 to 28,370 BTS sites, from 42,997 to 43,209 BTS facilities, and from 147,598 to 150,029 SRB services. The total BTS power recorded a significant increase (+7.8%), growing from 23,367 kW to 25,199 kW.

**The indicator reports, for each region/autonomous province and for different voltage levels, the kilometers of existing power lines, both in absolute terms and in relation to the territorial area.**

With regard to the structure of the national power grid, differentiated by voltage, the information is based on data provided by the ARPA/APPA and contained within the ISPRA CEM Observatory.

Between 2022 and 2023, a slight increase was observed in 40-150 kV power lines (+0.7%), while a decrease was noted in 220 kV (-5.9%) and 380 kV (-3.8%) power lines. The relative stability of 40-150 kV power lines indicates a positive trend for this type of electromagnetic source, as these lines often need to branch out in urban contexts where the population density is higher.

The variations recorded this year for 220 kV and 380 kV power lines are primarily attributed to improved data availability in the computerized systems developed in the regions that experienced significant changes compared to the previous year.

However, this type of electromagnetic source remains essential for providing all necessary services to the population. Nevertheless, existing lines have long been subject to intensive monitoring activities, supported by dedicated regulations specifically designed to protect the population from both short- and long-term effects caused by the electric and magnetic fields generated by high-voltage transmission lines.

The indicator quantifies instances of non-compliance with the limits established by regulations for power lines (transmission lines, substations, and transformer stations). For regions/autonomous provinces, with data updated through September 2024, 73.9% of the total exceedance cases have been remediated. The number of exceedances related to power lines amounts to 69, remaining unchanged across the two reference periods (1999-September 2023 and 1999-September 2024).

For each region/autonomous province, the number of exceedances of regulatory reference values is considered, categorized by radio and television installations (RTV) and base transceiver stations (SRB), as well as the number of remediation actions, including those under verification by ARPA/APPA, in progress (due to administrative actions), completed following ARPA/APPA verification, and completed through administrative actions. Exceedances refer to situations where measured levels exceed the exposure limit, the precautionary value, or both.

According to the data provided for the period 1999 - September 2024, the number of exceedances for RTV installations (679) is nearly four times higher than that for SRB installations (173). Completed remediation actions for RTV and SRB installations account for 72.6% and 70.5% of the total, respectively.

For regions with updated and comparable data for both types of installations, it can be observed that over the two reference periods (1999-September 2023 and 1999-September 2024), the number of exceedances for RTV and SRB installations slightly increased by 1.1% (from 633 to 640) and 5.6% (from 161 to 170), respectively.

The indicator describes the activities carried out by regional environmental protection agencies (ARPA)/ provincial environmental protection agencises (APPA)in terms of preliminary opinions and inspections conducted using measuring instruments on Radio Frequency (RF) sources, distinguishing between radio and television installations (RTV) and base transceiver station for mobile communication (BTS).

In 2023, the number of preliminary opinions issued by ARPA/APPA for RTV installations was 633, showing a significant decrease (-20.5%) compared to 2022. In the same year, the number of inspections for BTSs saw a slight increase of 6.3%, rising from 2,012 to 2,139 compared to the previous year.

Citizen requests for inspections through formal complaints are tending to decline, suggesting a perception of reduced social pressure, even for an electromagnetic source like the Base Transceiver Station, which in the past had raised significant concerns.

The indicator describes the activities carried out by regional environmental protection agencies (ARPA)/ provincial environmental protection agencises (APPA)in terms of preliminary opinions and experimental inspections conducted through field measurements on Exstremely Low Frequencies (ELF)  sources.

Analyzing the period from 2008 to 2023, both preliminary opinions and experimental inspections show a rather variable trend over time but are generally characterized by a decline. Specifically, from 2008 to 2023, they decreased by 65.3% (from 1,961 to 681) and 89% (from 1,269 to 140), respectively.

Requests for inspections from citizens through formal complaints have been decreasing, suggesting a reduction in social concern regarding this type of electromagnetic source, which in the past had raised significant worries. However, public attention to exposure to electric and magnetic fields generated by power lines remains high. In fact, in 2023, citizen-requested inspections accounted for 65% of the total inspections conducted (91 out of 140).